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Issue 3&56
3. "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."
与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。
56. "Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future."
政府应该把更多的注意力放在解决当务之急，而不是试图解决将来预期的问题上。

The speaker asserts that allocating money for immediate, existing social problems is more important than to spend it on extended research that might help future generations. I agree with the speaker's broad assertion because existing social problems are so common and sweeping that they need government's fund and attention to solve them. However, the speaker ignore that long-term interests is no less important for social than short-term interests. In my view, humanity should take into account both long-term interests and short-term interests then making budgets.

Naturally, each generation is most concerned about solving problems that immediately confront them. With the pressure of internationalization higher and higher which demands the high-speed development of the economics of a country, the government inevitably focus on the immediate, existing social problems such as ineffective education, frequently violent conflicts and etc. And all of them require not only the attention and research but also lots of money. Thus, it is understandable for the government to focus more on solving the immediate problems of today.

However, what difference human beings from other animals is that humans have a sense of future and are morally responsible for the well-being of their decedents. According to this, if the government put all of the money on solving the problems of today rather than on some long-term research that might be made good use of by the future generations, our decedents will be in a dark world, which are filled with disease, unemployment, over-population, lack of energy and seriously polluted environment. All above might be appeased through today's deep research. If the government drops it, our decedents will lose the opportunity to thrive. And human being will be no longer a brilliant civilization. Therefore, as beneficiaries of previous generations, each generation should make its own contribution for the well-being of future generation.

Admittedly, long-term research has the same position with the short-term research. But what propitiations of the budget should the government decided to put on the long-term research? There is no standard can be referred by the government. But one thing is certain that if a project planned to carry on a long-term research that might help future generations will not obviously result in the lack of today's interests or well-being, the government should take the project without hesitation.

In sum, there is no reason for the government to put all of the social resource on immediate, existing social problems. Yet, these problems are so urgent and practical problems that our governments should try the best to solve them. Nevertheless, the responsibility for our decendents and the essence of human determine that humanity should take into accounts both long-term interests and short-term interests when making budgets.

"It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."
对于政治领导者来说，向人民大众隐瞒信息通常是必要的，甚至有益的。

论点：平衡观点
开头方式：陈述题目观点+表明立场
论证：结论型论证

开头段：

I agree with the speaker that it is sometimes necessary, and even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. A contrary view would reveal … Nevertheless, we must not allow our political leaders undue freedom to withhold information; otherwise, the political leaders will lose the necessary forthrightness and honesty to the public and they will lose the political game at last.

论证：
One reason for my fundamental agreement with the speaker is that...
Another reason why I essentially agree with the speaker is that...
Having recognized that ... nevertheless...

"Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."
政府必须要确保主要城市发展所需的财政支持，因为一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以保存和发展。

论点：完全反对（太像arguement，慎用！）
开头方式：陈述题目观点+表明立场
论证：釜底抽薪

开头段：
    The speaker’s claim is actually threefold: (1) ensuring the survival of large cities and, in turn, that of cultural traditions, is a proper function of government; (2) government support is needed for our large cities and culture traditions to survive and thrive; and (3) cultural traditions are preserved and generated primarily in our large cities. I strongly disagree with all three claims.

论证：
    First of all, subsidizing cultural atrditions is not a proper role of goverment. Admittedly, certain objectives, such as public health and safety, are so essential to the survival of large cities and of nations that government has a duty to ensure that they met.
    Secondly, subsidizing cultural traditions is not a necessary role of government.
    Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the speaker unfairly suggests that...

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